1. Consider the following reaction mechanism:

step 1: M + X → MX

step 2: MX + A → D + X

The chemical species MX is a(n)

A. catalyst

B. inhibitor

C. final product

D. reaction intermediate

2. Consider the following reaction: 2N₂O_5(g) → 4NO_2(g) + O_2(g)

At a certain temperature the rate of decomposition of 2N₂O_5(g) is 2.5 x 10^-6 mol/s. The rate of formation of NO₂ is

A. 1.0 x 10^-5 mol/s

B. 1.3 x 10^-6 mol/s

C. 2.5 x 10^-6 mol/s

D. 5.0 x 10^-6 mol/s

3. Which of the following factors affect the rates of both homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions.

I nature of the reactants

II presence of a catalyst

III temperature of system

IV concentration of reactants

A. I and IV only

B. II and III only

C. II, III, and IV only

D. I, II, III, and IV

4. Which of the following equations represents an endothermic reaction?

A. N₂O_4(g) + 59 kJ → 2NO_2(g)

B. 2H_2(g) + O_2(g) → 2H₂O_(l) + 572 kJ

C. 2BrCl_(g) -29.3 kJ →Br_2(g) + Cl_2(g)

D. 2H_2(g) + O_2(g) → 2H₂O_(l) ΔH = -572 kJ

5. Consider the potential energy diagram. The activation energy for the reverse reaction is

PE

(kJ)

A. 30 kJ

B. 140 kJ

30kJ

170kJ

C. 170 kJ

Progress of the reaction

D. 200 kJ

6. Consider the following mechanism: Step 1: Cl + O₃ → ClO + O₂

Step 2: O + ClO → Cl + O₂

The reaction intermediate is

A. Cl

B. O₂

C. O₃

D. ClO

7. In a reaction mechanism, the rate determining step is the

A. fastest and has the lowest activation energy.

B. fastest and has the highest activation energy.

C. slowest and has the lowest activation energy.

D. slowest and has the highest activation energy.

8. A catalyst increases the rate of a reaction by

A. increasing the concentration of reactant(s).

B. decreasing the concentration of the reactant(s).

C. increasing the activation energy of the overall reaction.

D. decreasing the activation energy of the overall reaction.

9. Which of the following properties could be used to measure the rate of the following reaction in a open container. Zn_(s) + 2HCl_(aq) → ZnCl_2(aq) + H_2(g)

A. mass of Zn

B. solubility of HCl

C. concentration of Cl^-

D. colour of the solution

10. Consider the following potential energy diagram:

The above diagram represents an

A. exothermic reaction involving one step.

B. exothermic reaction involving two steps.

C. endothermic reaction involving one step.

D. endothermic reaction involving two steps.

11. Which of the following are necessary for successful collisions to occur?

I. Favourable geometry

II. Sufficient energy

III. Large ΔH

A. I only

B. I and II only

C. II and III only

D. I, II, and III

12. Consider the following reaction: 2H₂O_2(aq) → 2H₂O_(l) + O_2(g)

When 1.0 g of KI is added to the H₂O₂, bubbles of O₂ are produced at an increased rate, The KI is a

A. product

B. catalyst

C. reactant

D. intermediate

13. Consider the following

I. Frequency of successful collision

II. Volume of the reaction vessel

III. Pressure of the system

IV Mass of the system

To increase the rate of a chemical reaction there must be an increase in

A. I only

B. I and III only

C. I, III and IV only

D. I, II, III, and IV

14. Consider the following reaction mechanism:

Step1: ICl + H₂ → HI + HCl slow

Step 2: ICl + HI → HCl + I₂ fast

The species HCl is a

A. product

B. catalyst

C. reactant

D. reaction intermediate

15. Consider the following potential energy diagram:

125

100

75

50

25

The activation energy in the forward direction is

A. 25 kJ

B. 50 kJ

C. 75 kJ

D. 125 kJ

16. Consider the following reactions:

I. N₂ + O_2(g) → 2NO_(g)

II. Mg_(s) + O_2(g) → 2MgO_(s)

III. CaCO_3(s) + 2H⁺_(aq) → Ca²⁺ _(aq) + H₂O_(l) + CO_2(g)

Increasing the surface area will increase the reaction rate in

A. II only

B. I and III only

C. II and III only

D. I, II, and III

17. Consider the following reaction mechanism:

Step 1: V³⁺ + Cu²⁺ → V⁴⁺ + Cu⁺ Step 2: Cu⁺ + Fe³⁺→ Cu²⁺ + Fe²⁺ slow

The reaction intermediate is

A. Cu⁺

B. Cu²⁺

C. V³⁺

D. Fe³⁺

18. The rate of a chemical reaction can be expressed in

A. grams per mole

B. energy consumed per mole

C. volume of gas per unit time

D. mole formed per litre of solution

19. Consider the following reaction:

2MnO₄^-_(aq) + 5C₂O₄^2-_(aq) 16H⁺_(aq) → 2Mn²⁺_(aq) + 10CO_2(g) + 8H₂O_(l)

The rate of decomposition of the oxalate ion is increased by

A. adding NaOH.

B. removing CO₂

C. adding a catalyst

D. decreasing the pressure

20. The minimum amount of energy needed to start a reaction is called the

A. activation energy.

B. energy of reaction.

C. entropy of reaction

D. reaction mechanism energy

21. An 8.00g piece of magnesium was placed into 6.0 M HCl. After 25 s, 3.50 g of unreacted magnesium remained. The average rate at which magnesium was consumed is

A. 0.14 g/s

B. 0.18 g/s

C. 0.32 g/s

D. 4.50 g/s

22. In general rates double when the temperature is increased by 10 ^oC. The temperature of a reaction is increased by 40 ^oC. The rate will increase by a factor of

A. 2

B. 4

C. 8

D. 16

23. Consider the following factors

I. reactant particles collide

II. sufficient kinetic energy is present

III. a favourable geometry exists

IV. catalysts are present

Which combination of the above factors is required for all successful collisions?

A. I only

B. II and III only

C. I, II and III only

D. I, II, III, and IV

24. Consider the following reaction at constant temperature in an open system:

MgCO_3(s) + 2HCl_(aq) → CO_2(g) + H₂O_(l) + MgCl_2(aq)

Which of the following properties could be used to determine the reaction rate.

A. mass of the system

B. pressure of the gas

C. concentration of H₂O

D. concentration of MgCO₃

25. Which combination of factors will affect the rate of the following reaction?

MgCO_3(s) + 2HCl_(aq) → CO_2(g) + H₂O_(l) + MgCl_2(aq)

A. temperature and surface area only

B. temperature and concentration only

C. concentration and surface area only

D. temperature, concentration, and surface area only

26. As reactant molecules approach each other

A. heat is released

B. a reaction intermediate forms

C. kinetic energy changes into potential energy

D. potential energy changes into kinetic energy

Consider the following potential energy diagram for the next three five questions.

27. The interval representing ΔH for the reverse reaction is

A. 1

B. 2

C. 3

D. 4

28. The interval representing ΔH for the forward reaction is

A. 1

B. 2

C. 3

D. 4

29. The interval representing Ea for the reverse reaction is

A. 1

B. 2

C. 3

D. 4

30. The interval representing E_a for the forward reaction is

A. 1

B. 2

C. 3

D. 4

31. The interval representing the energy of the activated complex is

A. 1

B. 2

C. 3

D. 4

32. When a catalyst is added to a reaction, ΔH will

A. increase slowly

B. remain constant

C. decrease slowly

D. increase rapidly due to the alternate pathway

33. Consider the following reaction: Zn_(s) + 2HCl_(aq) → H_2(g) + ZnCl_2(aq)

Data for the reaction is shown below:

Time Mass of Zn (g) Volume of H₂ (mL) Temperature (^oC)

0 4.65 0 20

2 4.50 50 21

4 4.35 100 22

The rate of the reaction can be measured in units of

A. g/min

B. g/mL

C. min/mL

D. g/(mL)(^oC)

34. When a lit match is touched to the wick of a candle, the candle begins to burn. When the match is removed, the candle continues to burn, the match,

A. behaves as a catalyst

B. supplies the activation energy

C. is part of the rate determining step

D. lowers the activation energy barrier

35. Consider the following reaction: 2NO_(g) + O_2(g) → 2NO_2(g) + 112 kJ

ΔH for the above reaction is:

A. positive and the reaction is exothermic

B. negative and the reaction is exothermic

C. positive and the reaction is endothermic

D. negative and the reaction is endothermic

36. Consider the following reaction: 2S_(s) + 3O_2(g) → 2SO_2(g) + heat

The rate of this reaction could be increased by

A. decreasing the temperature

B. adding a catalyst

C. increasing the concentration of S

D. decreasing the surface area of the S

37. Consider the following reaction: ½H₂ + ½I₂ → HI ΔH = +28 kJ

The activation energy for the formation of HI is 167 kJ. The activation energy for the decomposition of HI is

A. 28 kJ

B. 139 kJ

C. 167 kJ

D. 195 kJ

38. Some reactants are more reactive than others because of their activation energy Ea. What graph shows the relationship between Ea and rate.

39. The activated complex is a chemical species that is

A. stable and has low PE.

B. stable and has high PE.

C. unstable and has low PE.

D. unstable and has high PE.

40. As an activated complex changes into products,

A. potential energy changes into kinetic energy.

B. kinetic energy changes into potential energy.

C. kinetic energy changes into activation energy.

D. potential energy changes into activation energy.

Subjective

1. On the potential energy diagram above, clearly label the activation energy, heat of the reaction (∆H), and the energy of the activated complex.

2. Is the above reaction endothermic or exothermic in the forward direction?

3. On the graph below, draw the potential energy diagram for an exothermic reaction and label the activation energy.

4. Nitric oxide (NO) is involved in the decomposition of ozone by the following mechanism:

Step 1: O₃ + sunlight → O₂ + O

Step 2: O₃ + NO → NO₂ + O₂

Step 3: NO₂ + O → NO + O₂

a) Write the net equation for the decomposition reaction

b) Identify a catalyst

c) Identify a reaction intermediate

d) What is the function of sunlight in this reaction?

5. Consider the following reaction: 2NO + 2H₂ → 2H₂O + N₂

a) Explain why the reaction is likely to involve more than one step.

b) A proposed mechanism for the above reaction is:

Step 1: NO + H₂ → N + H₂O

Step 2: ?

Step 3: N₂O + H₂ → N₂ + H₂O

Write the equation for step 2.

6. Define the term activation energy.

7. The combustion of coal, C, produces carbon dioxide and water according to the following equation: C_(s) + O_2(g) → CO_2(g) + 394 kJ

a) What is ∆H for this reaction?

b) Using the collision theory, explain why a lump of coal does not react with oxygen at room temperature and pressure.

c) Many coalmine disasters have resulted when a spark ignites coal dust in the air. Explain using the collision theory.

8. State two reasons why some collisions may not result in a chemical reaction.

9. A student wishes to monitor the rate of the following reaction:

CaCO_3(s) + 2HCl_(aq) → CaCl_2(aq) + CO_2(g) + H₂O_(l)

Identify two different properties that could be used to monitor the rate of the reaction. Describe and explain the changes that would occur.

Property 1

Change and explanation

Property 2

Change and explanation

10. An experiment is done to determine the rate of the following reaction:

2Al_(s) + 6HCl_(aq) → 3H_2(g) + 2AlCl_3(aq)

The following data are collected

Time (s) Mass of Flask + Contents (g)

0.0 270.230

30.0 270.200

60.0 270.170

Calculate the rate of consumption of Al in mol/min.